A very rare c. 1870s antique craniometer and goniometer as designed by Dr. Paul Broca (1824-1880), the founder of modern neurosurgery and pioneer in the study of localized brain function.
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German
An illustration from Thomas Sewall's 1837 lectures on phrenology showing the use of the craniometer. Originally intended for the determination of personality, its use was eventually confined to the measurement of intelligence and assessment of "racial characteristics". (Academy of Medicine, Toronto)
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